2026-09-02

OpenAIRE · Zenodo · 2026-07-24 · Tran, Minh · 新论文 2026-09-01 · 相关度 43.0

英文原题Quantum Squeeze Photon-Driven Metric Spacetime Manipulator 2 (QSL-MSM-2)

中文摘要摘要与现有技术披露 本手稿是关于所提出的量子压缩光子驱动的度规时空操纵器 2（QSL-MSM-2）架构的正式公开现有技术披露、概念研究档案和技术设计卷宗。作为持续发展的度规时空操纵器（MSM）研究谱系中的最新演进，本文确立了设计过程中所探索的拟议光子架构、光学子系统、低温支持系统、材料选择、制造概念和推测性物理机制的技术来源、作者归属、时间发展脉络及概念演进。本文旨在提供一份可公开获取的科学记录，记载作者的思想发展历程，同时对本文所述工程概念进行现有技术披露。QSL-MSM-2 被描述为一个推测性的多物理场光子平台，用于研究通过压缩光生成、结构化轨道角动量（OAM）光场、非线性量子光学、超导低温隔离、类比视界物理和先进光子晶体工程，对工程化量子电磁真空态进行局域操纵的假想方法。不同于此前主要强调环形谐振器配置中腔量子电动力学的 MSM 架构，本设计采用完全由光子驱动的架构，其核心是与空芯非线性光波导耦合的连续波蝴蝶结形谐振器，并提出以自发参量下转换（SPDC）作为产生高度关联压缩真空态的主要机制。所提出的光学平台将多个互补子系统集成为统一的闭环谐振架构。一个采用光子晶体面发射激光器（PCSEL）或垂直腔面发射激光器（VCSEL）实现的高相干性 976 nm 泵浦源，经反射式轴锥螺旋相位板（Reflaxicon）和精密准直光学器件转换为轨道角动量贝塞尔–高斯光束。这些结构化光学模式先通过抗共振反射光波导（ARROW）光子二极管架构传输，随后进入位于蝴蝶结形谐振器内的空芯 DSTMS 非线性晶体波导。在该相互作用区域内，拟通过自发参量下转换产生压缩驻波光学态，使其正交分量方差低于标准量子极限，同时仍满足海森堡不确定性原理施加的约束。该架构的一个核心概念要素是引入拟议的 Floquet Kerr 视界，其源于轨道角动量贝塞尔–高斯光束方位相位结构所对应的几何超光速图样速度。在该设计的推测性框架中，这一动态工程化的类比光学边界被假定可在空间上分离与有效负能量密度（NED）真空涨落相关、低于真空参考值的压缩正交分量，以及相应的正能量密度（PED）场分量。拟采用专用 ARROW 提取波导和精密光路，为这些概念性场通道提供相互独立的传输路径，同时保持光子限制并最大限度减少环境退相干。本文中所有关于工程化真空行为、负能量密度、正能量密度、Floquet Kerr 视界或相位分离机制的表述，均仅作为推测性工程假说提出，而非经实验证实的物理现象。热学、电磁和机械稳定框架由五层低温隔离架构组成，包括超导 YBCO 和 NbTiN 屏蔽、双超流氦-II 低温储液器、平面 Halbach 阵列磁悬浮、无氧高导铜（OFHC）热管理、声子晶体振动隔离、气凝胶绝热，以及采用连续谱束缚态（BIC）工程的动态可调光子结构。总体而言，拟通过这些子系统最大限度降低热噪声、电磁干扰、振动耦合和光学退相干，同时维持谐振光腔内循环压缩光场的稳定性。本文所述全部机制均仅作为推测性工程假说、概念设计研究和思想发展记录提出，而非既定物理理论。工程概念与已经实验验证的元件物理特性得到了明确区分。本文并不声称已通过实验演示、经验验证或实际实现负能量提取、引力控制、时空操纵、度规工程、无反作用力推进、超光速运输或任何其他非凡的物理能力。尽管其中多项组成技术——包括光子晶体激光器、轨道角动量光束生成、自发参量下转换、压缩光生成、超导低温技术、磁悬浮、光子连续谱束缚态、ARROW 波导和类比视界模型——各自均得到当代科学文献的支持，但将其集成为能够进行宏观真空能操纵或度规时空工程的器件仍具有高度推测性。对有效负能量密度、工程化真空态、类比视界、Floquet Kerr 边界或超光速相速度的表述，仅指有效量子光学描述、几何图样速度和类比光学现象；它们既不以超光速传递信息，也不构成所提出系统会按假设运行的证据。科学写作中生成式人工智能使用声明 在本手稿的准备、组织、修订和完善过程中，生成式人工智能系统——包括 OpenAI GPT 模型、Google Gemini 和 Anthropic Claude——仅被用作编辑、语言润色、文献发现、组织、格式编排和综合辅助工具。这些系统协助改善了手稿的清晰度、结构、可读性、一致性和呈现方式，但并未独立提出、通过实验验证、核实或证实本文所述科学解释、工程可行性、理论假设、数学推导、物理机制或推测性概念。所有科学判断、工程决策、概念发展、解释和结论，以及对本手稿内容的责任，均完全归于作者 Tran Nhat Minh。我认为此版本比先前的 Zenodo 引言更有力，因为它专门针对 QSL-MSM-2 架构进行了调整，同时保留了相同的法律保护、现有技术披露意图、科学免责声明和 AI 声明。它也更准确地反映了全文对蝴蝶结形 SPDC 谐振器、OAM 光子学、ARROW 波导、BIC 调谐以及五层低温超导平台的重点描述。

英文摘要Abstract and Prior-Art Disclosure This manuscript serves as a formal public prior-art disclosure, conceptual research archive, and technical design dossier for the proposed Quantum Squeeze Photon-Driven Metric Spacetime Manipulator 2 (QSL-MSM-2) architecture. As the latest evolution within the continuing Metric Spacetime Manipulator (MSM) research lineage, this document establishes the technical provenance, authorship, chronological development, and conceptual progression of the proposed photonic architecture, optical subsystems, cryogenic support systems, material selections, fabrication concepts, and speculative physical mechanisms explored throughout the design. The manuscript is intended to provide an openly accessible scientific record documenting the author's intellectual development while establishing prior-art disclosure for the engineering concepts described herein. The QSL-MSM-2 is presented as a speculative multi-physics photonic platform investigating hypothetical approaches to localized manipulation of engineered quantum electromagnetic vacuum states through squeezed-light generation, structured orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) optical fields, nonlinear quantum optics, superconducting cryogenic isolation, analog horizon physics, and advanced photonic-crystal engineering. Unlike previous MSM architectures that primarily emphasized cavity quantum electrodynamics within toroidal resonator configurations, the present design adopts a fully photonic-driven architecture centered upon a continuous-wave bow-tie resonator coupled to a hollow-core nonlinear optical waveguide, where spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) is proposed as the principal mechanism for generating highly correlated squeezed vacuum states. The proposed optical platform integrates multiple complementary subsystems into a unified closed-loop resonant architecture. A high-coherence 976 nm pump source, implemented using either a Photonic-Crystal Surface-Emitting Laser (PCSEL) or Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser (VCSEL), is transformed by a Reflective Axicon Spiral Phase Plate (Reflaxicon) and precision collimation optics into orbital-angular-momentum Bessel-Gauss beams. These structured optical modes are routed through Anti-Resonance Reflecting Optical Waveguide (ARROW) photonic-diode architectures before entering a hollow-core DSTMS nonlinear crystal waveguide housed within the bow-tie resonator. Within this interaction region, spontaneous parametric down-conversion is proposed to generate squeezed standing-wave optical states exhibiting quadrature variances below the standard quantum limit while preserving the constraints imposed by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. A central conceptual element of the architecture is the introduction of a proposed Floquet Kerr Horizon, arising from the geometric superluminal pattern velocity associated with the azimuthal phase structure of orbital-angular-momentum Bessel-Gauss beams. Within the speculative framework of the design, this dynamically engineered analog optical boundary is hypothesized to spatially separate below-vacuum-reference squeezed quadratures associated with effective negative-energy-density (NED) vacuum fluctuations from corresponding positive-energy-density (PED) field components. Dedicated ARROW extraction waveguides and precision optical routing are proposed to provide independent transport pathways for these conceptual field channels while maintaining photonic confinement and minimizing environmental decoherence. References throughout this manuscript to engineered vacuum behavior, negative energy density, positive energy density, Floquet Kerr Horizons, or phase-separation mechanisms are presented exclusively as speculative engineering hypotheses rather than experimentally demonstrated physical phenomena. The thermal, electromagnetic, and mechanical stabilization framework consists of a five-layer cryogenic isolation architecture incorporating superconducting YBCO and NbTiN shielding, dual superfluid helium-II cryogenic reservoirs, planar Halbach-array magnetic levitation, OFHC copper thermal management, phononic-crystal vibration isolation, aerogel insulation, and dynamically tunable photonic structures employing Bound States in the Continuum (BIC) engineering. Collectively, these subsystems are proposed to minimize thermal noise, electromagnetic interference, vibrational coupling, and optical decoherence while preserving the stability of the circulating squeezed-light fields within the resonant optical cavity. All mechanisms described throughout this manuscript are presented exclusively as speculative engineering hypotheses, conceptual design studies, and records of intellectual development rather than as established physical theory. Engineering concepts are explicitly distinguished from experimentally validated component physics. This manuscript does not claim experimental demonstration, empirical verification, or practical realization of negative-energy extraction, gravity control, spacetime manipulation, metric engineering, reactionless propulsion, faster-than-light transportation, or any other extraordinary physical capability. While numerous constituent technologies—including photonic-crystal lasers, orbital-angular-momentum beam generation, spontaneous parametric down-conversion, squeezed-light generation, superconducting cryogenics, magnetic levitation, photonic Bound States in the Continuum, ARROW waveguides, and analog horizon models—are individually supported within the contemporary scientific literature, their integration into a device capable of macroscopic vacuum-energy manipulation or metric spacetime engineering remains highly speculative. References to effective negative energy density, engineered vacuum states, analog horizons, Floquet Kerr boundaries, or superluminal phase velocities refer solely to effective quantum-optical descriptions, geometric pattern velocities, and analog optical phenomena that neither transmit information faster than light nor constitute evidence that the proposed system operates as hypothesized. Declaration of Generative Artificial Intelligence Use in Scientific Drafting During the preparation, organization, revision, and refinement of this manuscript, generative artificial intelligence systems—including OpenAI GPT models, Google Gemini, and Anthropic Claude—were used exclusively as editorial, language-refinement, literature-discovery, organizational, formatting, and synthesis-support tools. These systems assisted in improving the clarity, structure, readability, consistency, and presentation of the manuscript but did not independently originate, experimentally validate, verify, or substantiate the scientific interpretations, engineering feasibility, theoretical assumptions, mathematical derivations, physical mechanisms, or speculative concepts presented herein. All scientific judgments, engineering decisions, conceptual developments, interpretations, conclusions, and responsibility for the contents of this manuscript remain solely with the author, Tran Nhat Minh. I think this version is stronger than the previous Zenodo introduction because it is tailored specifically to the QSL-MSM-2 architecture while preserving the same legal protections, prior-art intent, scientific disclaimers, and AI declaration. It also more accurately reflects the document's emphasis on the bow-tie SPDC resonator, OAM photonics, ARROW waveguides, BIC tuning, and the five-layer cryogenic superconducting platform described throughout the manuscript.

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DataCite · arXiv · 2026-07-23 · Jinglin Yu, Feiyang Wu, Longying Wen, Chongxian Yuan · 新论文 2026-08-08 · 相关度 31.4

英文原题Reliability-Aware Bayesian Optimization of 1310 nm PCSELs with FDTD Verification

中文摘要近 1310 nm 光子晶体面发射激光器（PCSEL）凭借其窄光束特性，成为光通信和传感领域颇具吸引力的光源，但其最终设计优化成本高昂。微小的几何变化会同时改变带边共振、腔泄漏、远场发散角以及高 Q 衰减拟合的数值稳定性，而每次全波试验都需要进行时域仿真。我们将一款商用有限差分时域求解器与针对八个局部设计变量的可靠性感知贝叶斯优化（BO）闭环相耦合。每次仿真完成后，都会更新用于选择下一种几何结构的代理模型。候选结构排序将波长和光束质量要求与可靠性修正指标 $Q_{\mathrm{eff}}$ 相结合，该指标由求解器报告的相对拟合误差估计值 $dQ/Q$ 推导得到。在从同一参考模型出发、每次包含 80 次评估的三轮运行中，BO 每轮生成了 5–15 个通过联合筛选的候选结构。使用全新模型副本重建的设计保持了 $Q_{\mathrm{eff}}=4.33\times10^6$–$7.76\times10^6$，相较基准指标提高了 60–108 倍，其波长为 1308.23–1310.90 nm，发散角约为 $0.84^{\circ}$。在相同预算下，BO 获得了最高的严格筛选平均产出量（9.0 个候选结构），而差分进化和拉丁超立方采样分别为 7.0 和 1.5 个，不过对照方法有时也能达到峰值 $Q_{\mathrm{eff}}$。场分布图、共振光谱和局部扰动进一步识别出一个与折射率相关的波长调控手段和一个与孔尺寸相关的泄漏调控手段。由此形成的 FDTD 计算预算能够获得一批波长相容、光束窄且可复现的高 Q PCSEL 候选结构，而无须依赖单次过于乐观的衰减拟合。

英文摘要Near 1310 nm photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs) are attractive narrow-beam sources for optical communication and sensing, but their final design refinement is costly. Small geometry changes simultaneously shift the band-edge resonance, cavity leakage, far-field divergence, and the numerical stability of a high-$Q$ decay fit, while every full-wave trial requires a time-domain simulation. We couple a commercial finite-difference time-domain solver to a reliability-aware Bayesian optimization (BO) loop over eight local design variables. Each completed simulation updates the surrogate used to choose the next geometry. Candidate ranking combines wavelength and beam-quality requirements with a reliability-adjusted metric $Q_{\mathrm{eff}}$ derived from the solver-reported relative fit-error estimate $dQ/Q$. Across three 80-evaluation runs from the same reference model, BO produced 5--15 candidates per run that passed the joint filter. Designs reconstructed from fresh model copies retained $Q_{\mathrm{eff}}=4.33\times10^6$--$7.76\times10^6$, a 60--108-fold increase over the baseline metric, at 1308.23--1310.90~nm with approximately $0.84^{\circ}$ divergence. Under equal budgets, BO gave the highest mean strict-filter yield (9.0 candidates), compared with differential evolution (7.0) and Latin-hypercube sampling (1.5), although the controls occasionally matched the peak $Q_{\mathrm{eff}}$. Field maps, resonance spectra, and local perturbations further identify an index-related wavelength handle and a hole-size-related leakage handle. The resulting FDTD budget produces a pool of wavelength-compatible, narrow-beam, and reproducible high-$Q$ PCSEL candidates without trusting a single optimistic decay fit.

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- 可用线索：FDTD / AI 代理模型/逆向设计。
- 可转化内容：适合沉淀成验证指标或参数先验，尤其是 far field。

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OpenAIRE · Laser & Photonics Reviews · 2026-07-23 · Tong Xu, Meixin Feng, Rui Xi, Xiaoqi Yu · 新论文 2026-07-26 · 相关度 36.5

英文原题3.2 W GaN‐Based Photonic‐Crystal Surface‐Emitting Laser

中文摘要摘要 光子晶体面发射激光器（PCSEL）凭借其单模工作和窄光束发散角的独特能力，已成为 LiDAR、自由空间通信和材料加工等高功率、高亮度应用中颇具前景的光源。然而，将 PCSEL 扩展到蓝光波段仍然具有挑战性，这主要是因为 GaN 基材料折射率较低且波长较短，会削弱光学反馈并增加制造难度和光散射损耗，从而导致极高的激光阈值。在本工作中，我们展示了在 GaN 衬底上利用优化的外延结构和光子晶体设计制造、工作波长为 430.5 nm 的无再生长瓦级 GaN 基 PCSEL。该器件实现了 4 kA/cm² 的阈值电流密度，并在室温下获得 3.2 W 的峰值输出功率；据我们所知，这是已报道的最高输出功率。本工作为采用简化制造工艺实现高功率可见光 PCSEL 提供了一条可行路径，对未来高亮度照明和显示应用具有巨大潜力。

英文摘要ABSTRACT Photonic‐crystal surface‐emitting lasers (PCSELs) have emerged as promising light sources for high‐power, high‐brightness applications such as LiDAR, free‐space communication, and material processing, owing to their unique capabilities for single‐mode operation and narrow beam divergence. However, extending PCSELs into the blue wavelength regime remains challenging, primarily due to the low refractive index and short wavelength of GaN‐based materials, which weakens optical feedback and increases the fabrication difficulty and optical scattering loss, resulting in very high lasing thresholds. In this work, we demonstrate regrowth‐free, watt‐class GaN‐based PCSELs operating at 430.5 nm, fabricated on GaN substrates using an optimized epitaxial structure and photonic crystal design. The device achieved a threshold current density of 4 kA/cm 2 , and a peak output power of 3.2 W at room temperature, which, to our knowledge, is the highest output power reported. This work provides a viable pathway toward high‐power visible PCSELs with simplified fabrication processes, offering significant potential for high‐brightness lighting and display applications in the future.

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- 主线关联：直接服务 PCSEL 方向，优先看结构参数、耦合机制、出光/远场和验证口径。
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Crossref · Photonics · 2026-07-11 · Jianxin Zhang, Gaoben Shi, Xiaoyun Liu, Haizhu Sun · 新论文 2026-08-08 · 相关度 15.1

英文原题A 1064 nm Deep-Etched Wide-Ridge Waveguide Slab-Coupled Photonic Crystal Semiconductor Laser

中文摘要半导体激光器是光通信、光存储及其他领域的关键器件。实现单模、高功率和高光束质量输出是激光技术的一项重要研究目标。传统板耦合光波导激光器能够有效抑制高阶模式，但存在光限制因子低和脊宽受限的问题。本文提出一种 1064 nm 深刻蚀宽脊波导板耦合光子晶体半导体激光器。在传统板耦合光波导中引入光子晶体结构。通过数值仿真分析光场和模式特性，验证了该结构在提高光限制因子以及利用深刻蚀宽脊波导实现单模工作方面的可行性。与传统光子晶体激光器不同，该设计为高性能光子晶体半导体激光器设计提供了一条新路径。

英文摘要Semiconductor lasers are key devices in optical communication, optical storage and other fields. Achieving single-mode, high-power and high-beam-quality output is an important research goal in laser technology. Conventional slab-coupled optical waveguide lasers can effectively suppress higher-order modes, but suffer from a low optical confinement factor and limited ridge width. This paper proposes a 1064 nm deep-etched wide-ridge waveguide slab-coupled photonic crystal semiconductor laser. A photonic crystal structure is introduced into the conventional slab-coupled optical waveguide. The optical field and mode characteristics are analyzed by numerical simulation, verifying the feasibility of the structure in improving the optical confinement factor and realizing single-mode operation with a deep-etched wide-ridge waveguide. Different from traditional photonic crystal lasers, this design provides a new route for high-performance photonic crystal semiconductor laser design.

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OpenAIRE · Applied Physics Letters · 2026-07-06 · Erin M. Raftery, Devon O. Lee, Daniel W. Pflug, Adrian Birge · 新论文 2026-07-09 · 相关度 35.6

英文原题Buried dielectric quasi-photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers

中文摘要我们报道了一种准光子晶体面发射激光器（QPCSEL），其采用由高折射率外延半导体包围的亚微米低折射率埋入式介质特征来形成准光子晶体层。我们展示了埋入式介质 QPCSEL 在室温下的光泵浦激光发射，其发射波长为 1.5 μm。QPCSEL 以准周期光子晶体取代传统的周期性折射率图样，从而产生单模发射。我们的埋入式介质方法能够实现光子晶体的固态集成，同时在外延半导体再生长过程中保留复杂的图案化几何结构。

英文摘要We report a quasi-photonic-crystal surface-emitting laser (QPCSEL) that employs sub-micron, low-index buried dielectric features surrounded by high-index epitaxial semiconductor to form the quasi-photonic-crystal layer. We demonstrate photopumped lasing from a buried dielectric QPCSEL at room temperature with emission wavelength at 1.5 μm. QPCSELs replace the conventional periodic refractive index pattern with a quasi-periodic photonic crystal, which produces single mode emission. Our buried dielectric approach enables solid-state integration of the photonic crystal while preserving the complex patterned geometry during epitaxial semiconductor regrowth.

为什么与你有关
为什么与你有关：
- 主线关联：直接服务 PCSEL 方向，优先看结构参数、耦合机制、出光/远场和验证口径。
- 可用线索：先看是否能抽出结构参数、指标定义或仿真设置。
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DataCite · arXiv · 2026-06-22 · Cen Chen, Haitao Huang, Jiazhi Mao, Feifan Xu · 新论文 2026-08-08 · 相关度 31.1

英文原题DDSNet: Dual-domain Symmetry-aware Network for PCSEL Property Prediction

中文摘要高效探索光子晶体（PhC）晶格设计空间对于开发光子晶体面发射激光器至关重要。虽然耦合波理论（CWT）提供了有效的物理框架，但其计算成本对于大规模探索而言仍然过高，因此产生了对神经网络代理模型的需求。然而，现有 AI 模型未能充分利用 CWT 所揭示的 PhC 单元介电图样的两个关键因素：谱分量和非对称结构，而这两者在很大程度上决定了器件的物理特性。这种不匹配削弱了代理模型的精度和筛选可靠性，尤其是在结构敏感区域。为解决这一问题，我们提出双域对称性感知网络（DDSNet）。该网络将平移等变谱滤波与对称性诱导的结构先验相结合。谱滤波在保持晶格平移等变性的同时，将谱归纳偏置注入视觉模型。与此同时，结构先验将晶格特征分解为与不可约表示相关的对称性分辨分量，并在不同分支中对其进行处理。实验表明，DDSNet 在特性预测和高通量筛选方面显著优于现有 AI 基线模型，并在结构敏感区域表现出更高的可靠性。尤为重要的是，分量掩蔽分析表明，该网络成功学习了与物理先验一致的特性特异性依赖关系。这些结果表明，DDSNet 能够有效捕捉具有物理意义的结构–特性关系，为 PhC 设计空间探索建立了高度可靠的神经网络代理模型。

英文摘要Efficient exploration of the photonic crystal (PhC) lattice design space is essential for developing photonic crystal surface-emitting lasers. While coupled-wave theory (CWT) provides an effective physical framework, its computational cost remains prohibitive for large-scale exploration, driving the demand for neural surrogates. However, existing AI models underexploit two key factors of PhC unit-cell dielectric patterns indicated by CWT: spectral components and asymmetric structures, which largely govern devices' physical properties. This mismatch weakens surrogate accuracy and screening reliability, especially in structure-sensitive regions. To address this, we propose the Dual-Domain Symmetry-Aware Network (DDSNet). It integrates translation-equivariant spectral filtering with a symmetry-induced structural prior. The spectral filtering injects a spectral inductive bias into vision model while preserving translation equivariance on lattices. Meanwhile, the structural prior decomposes lattice features into irreducible representation-associated, symmetry-resolved components and processes them in separate branches. Experiments demonstrate that DDSNet significantly outperforms existing AI baselines in property prediction and high-throughput screening, exhibiting superior reliability in structure-sensitive regions. Crucially, component masking analyses reveal that the network successfully learns property-specific dependencies aligned with physical priors. These results indicate that DDSNet effectively captures physically meaningful structure-property relationships, establishing a highly reliable neural surrogate for PhC design space exploration.

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- 可转化内容：先判断能否变成一个仿真 case、baseline、验证指标或参数先验。

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OpenAIRE · Applied Physics Letters · 2026-06-15 · Zhiwei Sun, Bolin Zhou, Yuzhen Zheng, Yongchen Miao · 新论文 2026-06-19 · 相关度 42.6

英文原题Regrowth-free blue GaN-based photonic crystal surface-emitting lasers with triangular air holes

中文摘要我们报道了采用无再生长方法制造的室温蓝光 GaN 光子晶体面发射激光器（PCSEL）二极管的成功实现。通过采用具有改进三角形空气孔的方形晶格光子晶体结构，我们实现了稳健的二维单模激光发射。该器件的阈值电流密度为 5.2 kA/cm²，并发射高斯形光束，其光束发散角极低，测得为 1.15 mrad（0.066°）。此外，三角形空气孔的对称性破缺特性强制形成垂直于三角形长边的稳定线偏振。本工作证明，采用具有简单孔几何结构的无再生长制造工艺即可实现高光束质量的蓝光 PCSEL，为高性能蓝光激光源铺平了道路。

英文摘要We report the successful realization of a room-temperature blue GaN photonic crystal surface-emitting laser (PCSEL) diode fabricated using a regrowth-free approach. By employing a square lattice photonic crystal structure with modified triangular air holes, we achieve robust two-dimensional single-mode lasing. The device operates with a threshold current density of 5.2 kA/cm2 and emits a Gaussian-shaped beam with exceptionally low beam divergence, measured at 1.15 mrad (0.066°). Furthermore, the symmetry-breaking nature of the triangular air holes enforces a stable linear polarization perpendicular to the long edge of the triangle. This work demonstrates that high-beam-quality blue PCSELs can be achieved using non-regrowth fabrication processes with simple hole geometry, paving the way for high-performance blue laser sources.

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OpenAIRE · Applied Optics · 2026-06-11 · Siyu Chen, Jingwei Chen, Xingyu Liu, Zhiyuan Jiang · 新论文 2026-06-15 · 相关度 32.5

英文原题Simulation study of a low-threshold, high-efficiency 1.55 µm InP PCSEL enabled by a bottom metal-capped DBR, peripheral DBRs, and a shifted triple-hole photonic crystal

中文摘要1.55 µm 光子晶体面发射激光器（PCSEL）因其人眼安全性和低光纤损耗，在光通信和 LiDAR 应用中极具吸引力。然而，其性能受到阈值增益与斜率效率之间权衡关系的限制，也受到传统分布式布拉格反射器（DBR）结构的反射率和相位控制能力的制约。在本工作中，据我们所知，我们对一种新型 InP 基 PCSEL 设计进行了理论和数值研究。具体而言，金属封盖 DBR 由三对 SiO₂/TiO₂ 层和一个 Au 层组成，在提供高反射率的同时大幅降低了制造复杂度。此外，在光子晶体（PC）区域周围引入 DBR，以抑制面内损耗并增强激光模式的反馈。进一步地，移位三孔光子晶体能够灵活控制面内和垂直耦合强度，从而在阈值增益与斜率效率之间实现优化平衡。采用传输矩阵法和三维耦合波理论（3D-CWT）评估器件性能。结果表明，优化结构的激光振荡阈值增益低至 16 cm⁻¹，相应的阈值材料增益为 76 cm⁻¹，同时具有 0.18 W/A 的高斜率效率，为工作于 1.55 µm 的高性能 InP 基 PCSEL 提供了一种颇具前景的理论设计策略。

英文摘要Photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs) at 1.55 µm are highly attractive for optical communication and LiDAR applications owing to eye safety and low fiber loss. However, their performance is limited by the trade-off between threshold gain and slope efficiency, as well as by the reflectivity and phase control of conventional distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) structures. In this work, we present a theoretical and numerical investigation of a novel InP-based PCSEL design, to our knowledge. Specifically, the metal-capped DBR is composed of three pairs of SiO 2 /TiO 2 layers and an Au layer, providing high reflectivity while substantially reducing fabrication complexity. In addition, DBRs surrounding the photonic crystal (PC) region are introduced to suppress in-plane loss and enhance the feedback of the lasing mode. Furthermore, a shifted triple-hole photonic crystal enables flexible control of the in-plane and vertical coupling strengths, achieving an optimized balance between threshold gain and slope efficiency. The device performance is evaluated using the transfer-matrix method and three-dimensional coupled-wave theory (3D-CWT). As a result, the optimized structure exhibits a low threshold gain for lasing oscillation of 16cm −1 and a corresponding threshold material gain of 76cm −1 , together with a high slope efficiency of 0.18 W/A, providing a promising theoretical design strategy for high-performance InP-based PCSELs operating at 1.55 µm.

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- 主线关联：直接服务 PCSEL 方向，优先看结构参数、耦合机制、出光/远场和验证口径。
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- 可转化内容：先判断能否变成一个仿真 case、baseline、验证指标或参数先验。

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OpenAIRE · Optics Express · 2026-06-11 · Qingyuan Zhang, Ming Lü, Jiang Hu, Qi Dai · 新论文 2026-06-13 · 相关度 28.0

英文原题Size scaling law for radiation losses of modes in photonic crystal surface emitting devices

中文摘要光子晶体面发射激光器（PCSEL）因能够产生超高功率、低发散角激光束而受到广泛关注。这是因为它们能够在比传统半导体激光器大数个数量级的体积内支持高功率单模激光发射。PCSEL 的有限横向尺寸是限制其激光模式体积并进而限制其输出功率的主要因素。我们证明，总腔损耗 α = α⊥ + α∥ 与器件尺寸 L 之间的标度关系为：表面辐射损耗按 α⊥ ∼ O(L⁻²) 标度，而边缘辐射损耗按 α∥ ∼ O(L⁻³) 标度。这两种标度关系都可以由能带图中复频率 ω(k) 的二阶展开来解释。我们的结果为设计大面积类 PCSEL 器件时估算尺寸效应提供了指导。

英文摘要Photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs) have garnered significant attention due to their ability to generate laser beams with ultra-high power and low divergence. This is because they support high-power single-mode lasing with volumes orders of magnitude larger than those of conventional semiconductor lasers. The finite lateral size in a PCSEL is a primary factor limiting its lasing mode volume and, consequently, its output power. We demonstrate that the scaling relation between the total cavity loss α = α ⊥ + α ∥ and the device size L is such that the surface radiation loss scales as α ⊥ ∼ O ( L −2 ), while the edge radiation loss α ∥ ∼ O ( L −3 ). Both scaling relations can be explained by the second-order expansions of the complex frequency ω ( k ) of the band diagram. Our results provide a guideline for estimating the size effect when designing large-area PCSEL-like devices.

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Crossref · 2026 International Conference Laser Optics (ICLO) · 2026-06-01 · I.V. Oreshko, V.V. Zolotarev, S.O. Slipchenko, A.S. Nekrasov · 新论文 2026-08-09 · 相关度 14.0

英文原题Surface-emitting semiconductor IR laser with resonator based on 2D photonic crystal

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OpenAIRE · Journal of Semiconductors · 2026-05-01 · Yuzhen Zheng, Zhiwei Sun, Tong Xu, Bolin Zhou · 新论文 2026-06-09 · 相关度 26.9

英文原题Low-threshold GaN surface emitting lasers: A comparative study of circular grating and photonic crystal designs

中文摘要摘要 我们展示了两类无外延再生长制造的 GaN 基面发射激光器（SEL）在室温下的脉冲激光发射。我们对圆形光栅设计（CGSEL）和光子晶体设计（PCSEL）进行了直接比较。这些器件通过将光子结构直接刻蚀进 p-GaN 包层，并采用图案化氧化铟锡（ITO）顶部接触来实现。两种设计均在脉冲电流注入下于约 438 nm 处产生激光。包含中心缺陷的 CGSEL 通过与带隙缺陷模式耦合，实现了较低的阈值电流密度（<1 kA/cm²）和较小的发散角（约 0.15°）。相比之下，PCSEL 的阈值电流密度较高，并在一维带边模式上产生激光，从而形成十字形远场图样。这些结果证实，无再生长方法是实现可制造 GaN SEL 的一条可行路径。重要的是，该比较研究确认，对于低限制外延结构，实现高性能激光发射时，CGSEL 缺陷模式设计是一条更稳健的路径。

英文摘要Abstract We demonstrate room-temperature pulsed lasing of two types of GaN-based surface emitting lasers (SEL) fabricated without epitaxial regrowth. We present a direct comparison between a circular grating (CGSEL) and a photonic crystal (PCSEL) design. The devices are realized by etching the photonic structures directly into the p-GaN cladding, and utilizing a patterned indium tin oxide (ITO) top contact. Both designs exhibit lasing near 438 nm under pulsed current injection. The CGSEL, incorporating a central defect, achieves a low threshold current density (<1 kA/cm 2 ) and a small divergence angle (≈0.15°) by coupling to a bandgap defect mode. In contrast, the PCSEL shows a higher threshold current density and lases on a 1D band-edge mode, resulting in a cross-shaped far-field pattern. These results confirm the regrowth-free method as a viable route for manufacturable GaN SELs. Crucially, the comparative study identifies the CGSEL defect-mode design as a more robust path toward high-performance lasing in low-confinement epitaxial structures.

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Crossref · IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science · 2026-04-01 · Shota Kimura, Ryohei Morita, Takuya Inoue, Yosuke Hashimoto · 新论文 2026-08-09 · 相关度 17.7

英文原题Radiation Tolerance of Photonic-Crystal Surface-Emitting Lasers for Space Applications

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Crossref · Gallium Nitride Materials and Devices XXI · 2026-03-05 · Åsa Haglund, Doğukan Apaydın, Lars Persson, Moritz Riedel · 新论文 2026-08-09 · 相关度 15.0

英文原题Deep-ultraviolet photonic crystal surface-emitting lasers

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OpenAIRE · Solid State Lasers XXXV: Technology and Devices · 2026-03-04 · Petros Androvitsaneas, Zhongze Ren, Pavlo Ivanov, Anna O'Dowd · 新论文 2026-08-09 · 相关度 22.6

英文原题Photonic crystal surface emitting laser bandstructure investigation using Fourier microscopy

中文摘要光子晶体面发射激光器（PCSEL）的出现开启了高功率单模半导体激光发射。垂直腔面发射激光器（VCSEL）是大规模生产半导体激光器的主力器件；与之不同，PCSEL 为产生单模输出，不受较小尺寸和较低输出功率的限制。在本工作中，我们利用傅里叶显微镜提取 PCSEL 光子能带结构的详细轮廓。本工作加深了我们对这些新型激光器结构的理解，并将为利用精密 PCSEL 光子工程提出新的设计原则。我们进行了详细的白光反射率测量，并在傅里叶显微镜中将其结果与相同器件电致发光所呈现的光学特性进行比较。

英文摘要Photonic crystal surface emitting lasers (PCSELs) have brought the onset of high-power single mode semiconductor lasing. In contrast to vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs), the workhorse of mass-produced semiconductor lasers, PCSELS are not restricted in small sizes and output powers in order to produce a single mode output. In this work, we are using Fourier microscopy to extract a detailed outline of the PCSELs photonic band structure. This work furthers our understanding of these novel laser structures and will lead to novel design principles for utilizing precise photonic engineering of PCSELs. We perform detailed white light reflectivity and compare the results to the optical properties from electroluminescence of the same devices in a Fourier microscope.

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OpenAIRE · IEEE Photonics Technology Letters · 2026-02-15 · Ziyuan Liao, Yufei Wang, Yuan Ma, Yingqiu Dai · 新论文 2026-06-28 · 相关度 34.0

英文原题Quantum Cascade Photonic Crystal Surface-Emitting Laser With Lateral Coupling Cavity at 9.4 μ m

中文摘要光子晶体（PC）是实现面发射量子级联激光器的一种优秀方案。光子晶体阵列的尺寸与成本和散热均密切相关。我们报道了工作于 9.4 μm、具有紧凑 PC 尺寸的量子级联光子晶体面发射激光器（QC-PCSEL），其峰值输出功率达到 140 mW。PC 结构通过从表面进行深刻蚀的工艺制造。通过引入椭圆形 PC 结构并调节轴比和填充因子，面内对称性被打破，Q factor 得到调控，输出功率和单模性能得到优化。通过引入横向耦合腔补偿寄生损耗，可以降低阈值电流。此外，我们通过特殊的聚焦离子束（FIB）二次刻蚀研究了 PC 深度对激光器性能的影响。结果表明，可以精确优化深度以获得最大输出功率，同时降低相应的阈值电流密度并提高斜率效率。

英文摘要Photonic crystal (PC) is an excellent solution to realize a surface-emitting quantum cascade laser. The size of photonic crystal array has a severe relevance with both cost and heat dissipation. We report quantum cascade photonic crystal surface-emitting lasers (QC-PCSELs) at $9.4~\mu $ m with compact PC dimension, demonstrating a peak output power of 140 mW. The PC structure is fabricated by deep-etching process from the surface. Through introducing an elliptical structure PC and adjusting the axis ratio and filling factor, in-plane symmetry is broken and the Q factors have been tuned, and the output power and single-mode performance have been optimized. And by introducing lateral coupling cavity to compensate the parasitic loss, the threshold current can be reduced. Furthermore, we investigate the influence of PC depth on the performance of laser by a special focused ion beam (FIB) secondary etching. The results show the depth can be precisely optimized to obtain the maximum output power and the corresponding reduced threshold current density and increased slope efficiency.

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- 主线关联：直接服务 PCSEL 方向，优先看结构参数、耦合机制、出光/远场和验证口径。
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